Criminal Code updated 2 July 2025

Drug Crime & Controlled-Substance Cases in Georgia

The current code separates possession, manufacture, transfer, sale, facilitation and cross-border conduct into different provisions. The exact article, substance, amount and alleged purpose matter.

Country of GeorgiaSource checked 9 August 2026Official English consolidation dated 25 June 2026
Critical update

Do not use Article 260 as a generic label for every drug allegation. Following the 2025 reform, Articles 260, 260¹, 260², 260³, 260⁴ and 262 address distinct conduct.

See the current map →
First response

Protect rights and preserve the evidence trail

Before giving an explanation or signing a record, clarify whether the person is arrested, accused, a witness or subject to a search. Request a lawyer and an interpreter where needed.

Record when and where the search or seizure occurred; who was present; the authority and document relied on; the containers, rooms, vehicle or device searched; what was photographed, packaged and sealed; and what appears in the inventory. Do not physically obstruct officers. Objections and irregularities should be recorded through lawful procedural routes.

If detention has occurred, ask for the arrest record, the stated legal and factual grounds, access to counsel, necessary medical care and an interpreter. The prosecution must bring an arrested accused person before the appropriate court within the constitutional and procedural timetable. See the full arrest guide for rights, 48/72-hour timing and the first hearing.

Questions that usually change the legal analysis

  • Was the allegation possession or storage only, manufacture or production, transport, a transfer without payment, sale for material benefit, facilitation, or import/export/transit?
  • What substance and quantity were identified, under which test and chain of custody?
  • Where was the item found, and what evidence is said to connect it to the accused person?
  • What messages, calls, payments, packaging, scales, location or witness evidence is relied on to infer purpose?
  • Was the search authorized, was urgency claimed, and does the record match what occurred?
  • Are prescribed medicines, medical records or a foreign prescription relevant?
Current statutory map

Which article addresses which conduct?

This is an orientation map, not a charge assessment. Parts, thresholds, aggravating features and linked legislation must be checked against the current Georgian text and the facts.

Article 260

Illegal purchase or storage

Addresses illegal purchase or storage of narcotic drugs, their analogues or precursors. It should not be used as a generic citation for sale or import allegations.

Article 260¹

Manufacture, production, transportation or transfer

Addresses illegal manufacture, production, transportation or transfer. The alleged act and purpose must be identified from the charge and evidence.

Article 260²

Transfer without material benefit

Separately addresses illegal transfer without material benefit. This is distinct from an allegation of sale.

Article 260³

Sale

Addresses illegal sale. Evidence said to show a transaction, material benefit and the accused person’s involvement requires close examination.

Article 260⁴

Facilitation of sale

Addresses facilitation of illegal sale. The prosecution theory should identify the alleged assistance and its connection to the sale.

Article 262

Import, export or international transit

Addresses illegal import into Georgia, export from Georgia or international transit. Border location alone does not resolve knowledge, control or the route alleged.

The official English text was reviewed on 9 August 2026 against the consolidated Criminal Code publication dated 25 June 2026. Do not rely on this summary for penalty ranges or quantity thresholds; verify the operative Georgian text and the exact article part.

Evidence and defence issues

What must be tested in the case file

Possession, knowledge and control

Discovery in a shared car, apartment, bag, workplace or hotel room does not by itself answer who knew of the substance or exercised control. Access, location, personal items, fingerprints, DNA, messages, movements and witness accounts may point in different directions and must be assessed together.

Laboratory identification and quantity

The sample, packaging, seals, transfer records, testing method, net quantity and expert conclusion should be compared with the seizure record. A defence may need an expert review or focused questions about contamination, sampling, measurement or classification.

Purpose and communications

Alleged sale or facilitation may be inferred from communications, money, packaging or conduct. The complete conversation, authorship, device access, translation, timing and alternative explanations matter; isolated screenshots should not be treated as self-explanatory.

Search legality and scope

The court order or urgent-search basis, scope, time, place, persons present and resulting record should be examined. A legal challenge depends on the actual authorization, procedure and remedy—not merely disagreement with the search.

Health and prescribed medication

If dependence, withdrawal, poisoning, injury or prescribed treatment is relevant, request prompt medical assessment and make sure the request and response are documented. A foreign prescription does not automatically resolve Georgian controlled-medicine rules; obtain the prescription, packaging and travel documents for advice.

Related practical guidance

Need advice on a drug investigation?

Send the document, deadline and immediate risk.

For an arrest, search, questioning, medical need or airport issue, use the urgent route.

Urgent assistance