Forged Sale, Inheritance and Registry Documents — CriminalLawyers.ge
Property, real estate & document crime

Forged Sale, Inheritance and Registry Documents

Forged sale, inheritance or registry documents: reconstruct filing history, title changes, notarial records, signatures, benefit and alleged use.

English legal guideTbilisi · Georgia-wide
What matters in this case

The legal and evidential questions

Forged Sale, Inheritance and Registry Documents. The first task is to distinguish contractual breach and title disputes from alleged deceit or forgery. The statutory starting point shown on this page is Article 362 (Making, sale or use of a forged official document). The original document, method of alteration, intended use, knowledge and the role of the person who made or used it require separate proof.

Reconstruct title and filing history with originals, notarial and inheritance files, registry submissions, signature evidence, payment or benefit and access records.

Questions to answer first

01

Distinguish contractual breach and title disputes from alleged deceit or forgery

02

Secure registry, notarial, banking and original-document evidence

03

Trace authority, benefit, knowledge and onward transfers

04

Coordinate criminal complaint, asset restraint and civil protection

Evidence that may matter

  • Registry extracts and filing history
  • Notarial files and powers of attorney
  • Original signatures, seals and document metadata
  • Contracts, bank transfers and company approvals
  • Communications, possession and valuation evidence
Criminal Code articles to consider

Criminal Code articles to check

Article 362

Making, sale or use of a forged official document

The original document, method of alteration, intended use, knowledge and the role of the person who made or used it require separate proof.

Read full Article 362 text on this page
Why the cited article can change
Relevant Criminal Code wording

Read the relevant Criminal Code provisions

The panel below reproduces the available official English wording for convenient reading. Check the current Georgian text and the exact article part before relying on it, because later amendments may not yet appear in translation.

Article 362Making, sale or use of a forged document, seal, stamp or blank forms

1. Making, purchase, storage for sale or use, sale or use of forged identity cards or other official documents, –

shall be punished by a fine or imprisonment for up to three years.

11. Forging data/information, and own signatures and the signatures of supporters, in relevant forms of the lists of supporters provided for by the Organic Law of Georgia – the Election Code of Georgia, own, as well as the signature of the supporter, –

shall be punished by a fine.

2. The act under paragraph 1 or paragraph 11 of this article:

a) committed repeatedly;

b) that has resulted in substantial damage, –

shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of three to six years.

Note:

1. This article shall not apply to a person who committed the above act before acquiring the status of a victim of human trafficking due to him/her being a victim of human trafficking.

2. For the act specified in this article a legal person shall be punished by a fine, with deprivation of the right to carry out activities, or by liquidation and a fine.

3. For committing an act provided for by this article (except for the act related to the sale of forged official documents, seals, stamps or blank forms), criminal liability shall not be applied to an alien or a stateless person who has entered Georgia directly from the territory where he/she was under a threat provided for by Articles 15(1), 19(1), 38(3), or 22(1) of the Law of Georgia on International Protection, if he/she immediately, at the first opportunity, appeared before a state authority, presented a proper explanation of his/her illegal entry into Georgia, and requested international protection under the said Law, unless his/her act contains elements of another crime.

4. If it is determined by the relevant final decision on international protection that a foreigner or a stateless person is not in need of international protection, the release from criminal liability provided for by paragraph 3 of this Note shall not apply.

The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.

Article 180Fraud

1. Fraud, i.e. taking property of another person or obtaining of title to the property by deceit for its unlawful appropriation, –

shall be punished by a fine or community service from 170 to 200 hours, or by corrective labour or house arrest for a term of one to two years, or by imprisonment for a term of two to four years.

2. The same act:

a) committed by more than one person with a preliminary agreement;

b) causing substantial damage, –

shall be punished by a fine or by imprisonment for a term of four to seven years.

3. The same act committed:

a) using the official position;

b) in large quantities;

c) repeatedly, –

shall be punished by a fine or by imprisonment for a term of six to nine years.

4. The same act committed:

a) by an organised group;

b) by a person who has two or more previous convictions for unlawful appropriation or extortion of another person’s property, –

shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of seven to ten years.

The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.

Article 191Illegal registration of transactions related to land

Illegal registration of transactions related to land, distortion of registration data in the public land cadastre or reduction of the land tax for mercenary purposes or any other personal motives, –

shall be punished by a fine or community labour from 120 to 180 hours or by deprivation of the right to hold an office or to carry out activities for up to three years or by imprisonment for up to one year.

The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.

How the process may develop

01Title and chronology map
02Original-document preservation
03Role and benefit analysis
04Forensic document review
05Complaint or defence response
06Asset and civil coordination
Sources & legislation

Primary sources for this guide

Before acting, compare this guide with the current Georgian text and the exact document served in the case. The official English translation may not include the latest amendment.

Criminal Procedure Code of GeorgiaOfficial consolidated Criminal Code — current text & PDFConstitution of Georgia
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