The legal and evidential questions
Identity and Company Document Forgery. The first task is to distinguish contractual breach and title disputes from alleged deceit or forgery. The statutory starting point shown on this page is Article 362 (Making, sale or use of a forged official document). The original document, method of alteration, intended use, knowledge and the role of the person who made or used it require separate proof.
Secure original identity and company documents, registry submissions, corporate authority records, signature specimens, account or device logs and every alleged use.
A property dispute is not automatically fraud
Criminal analysis requires evidence of the alleged deceit, forgery, appropriation or intent. Title, contractual and inheritance issues may continue through civil or registry procedures even when a criminal complaint is made.
Questions to answer first
Distinguish contractual breach and title disputes from alleged deceit or forgery
Secure registry, notarial, banking and original-document evidence
Trace authority, benefit, knowledge and onward transfers
Coordinate criminal complaint, asset restraint and civil protection
Evidence that may matter
- Registry extracts and filing history
- Notarial files and powers of attorney
- Original signatures, seals and document metadata
- Contracts, bank transfers and company approvals
- Communications, possession and valuation evidence
Criminal Code articles to check
Making, sale or use of a forged official document
The original document, method of alteration, intended use, knowledge and the role of the person who made or used it require separate proof.
Read full Article 362 text on this pageOfficial forgery
May be relevant to an official document allegedly made or used through abuse of official functions; the original record and authority matter.
Read full Article 341 text on this pageRead the relevant Criminal Code provisions
The panel below reproduces the available official English wording for convenient reading. Check the current Georgian text and the exact article part before relying on it, because later amendments may not yet appear in translation.
Article 362Making, sale or use of a forged document, seal, stamp or blank forms+
1. Making, purchase, storage for sale or use, sale or use of forged identity cards or other official documents, –
shall be punished by a fine or imprisonment for up to three years.
11. Forging data/information, and own signatures and the signatures of supporters, in relevant forms of the lists of supporters provided for by the Organic Law of Georgia – the Election Code of Georgia, own, as well as the signature of the supporter, –
shall be punished by a fine.
2. The act under paragraph 1 or paragraph 11 of this article:
a) committed repeatedly;
b) that has resulted in substantial damage, –
shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of three to six years.
Note:
1. This article shall not apply to a person who committed the above act before acquiring the status of a victim of human trafficking due to him/her being a victim of human trafficking.
2. For the act specified in this article a legal person shall be punished by a fine, with deprivation of the right to carry out activities, or by liquidation and a fine.
3. For committing an act provided for by this article (except for the act related to the sale of forged official documents, seals, stamps or blank forms), criminal liability shall not be applied to an alien or a stateless person who has entered Georgia directly from the territory where he/she was under a threat provided for by Articles 15(1), 19(1), 38(3), or 22(1) of the Law of Georgia on International Protection, if he/she immediately, at the first opportunity, appeared before a state authority, presented a proper explanation of his/her illegal entry into Georgia, and requested international protection under the said Law, unless his/her act contains elements of another crime.
4. If it is determined by the relevant final decision on international protection that a foreigner or a stateless person is not in need of international protection, the release from criminal liability provided for by paragraph 3 of this Note shall not apply.
The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.
Article 341Forgery by an official+
Forgery by an official, i.e. entry of false information or record in official documents or registry, or preparation or issuance of a forged document or forgery of the official or private documents enclosed to the case file of an enterprise, establishment or organisation by an official or a person equal thereto for mercenary purposes or with other personal motives, –
shall be punished by a fine or house arrest for a term of six months to two years, or by imprisonment for a term of two to four years.
The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.
How the process may develop
Primary sources for this guide
Before acting, compare this guide with the current Georgian text and the exact document served in the case. The official English translation may not include the latest amendment.
Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia↗︎Criminal Code of Georgia↗︎Constitution of Georgia↗︎