Follow authority, knowledge and the transaction—not titles
A licensing or registration issue must be separated from the specific criminal elements, scale and responsible person's knowledge.
What activity required authority, who actually conducted it, what licence existed and how is the statutory consequence calculated?
A flow-of-funds chart may show movement without proving beneficial ownership, criminal origin or what each participant knew.
Records that test the prosecution theory
Corporate and licence records, contracts, invoices, operating data, approvals, revenue analysis and regulator communications.
- AuthorityMap signatures, delegations, approvals and system access.
- EconomicsReconcile contracts, performance, accounting treatment and actual benefit.
- KnowledgeSeparate each person's information and decisions at the relevant time.
- Proceeds and restraintTest tracing, ownership, valuation and third-party interests.
Articles that may enter the qualification
Illegal entrepreneurial activities
Requires separation of licensing or registration non-compliance from the criminal elements and thresholds in the current provision.
Read full Article 192 text on this pageRead the relevant Criminal Code provisions
The panel below reproduces the available official English wording for convenient reading. Check the current Georgian text and the exact article part before relying on it, because later amendments may not yet appear in translation.
Article 192Illegal entrepreneurial activities+
1. Carrying out illegal entrepreneurial activities without registration, permit or licence, or in violation of the permit or licence terms, which has resulted in substantial damage or which was accompanied by receipt of large income, –
shall be punished by a fine or house arrest for a term of six months to two years, or by imprisonment for a term of one to three years.
2. The same act committed:
a) jointly by more than one person;
b) repeatedly;
c) by a person convicted for this kind of offence, –
shall be punished by a fine or by imprisonment for a term of three to five years. Note:
For the act specified in this article a legal person shall be punished by a fine, with deprivation of the right to carry out activities, or by liquidation and a fine.
The consolidated official source is listed in the source section at the end of this guide.
Stop ongoing exposure where appropriate and map actual operations to the rule rather than the company's label.
Primary sources for this guide
Before acting, compare this guide with the current Georgian text and the exact document served in the case. The official English translation may not include the latest amendment.
Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia↗︎Official consolidated Criminal Code — current text & PDF↗︎Ministry of Finance Investigation Service↗︎