Insolvency, credit, payment & securities crime

Insolvency, Credit, Payment & Securities Crime

Defence for companies, directors and individuals in insolvency, borrowing, card, payment, currency, securities and investment investigations.

English legal guideTbilisi · Georgia-wide

Short answer

Financial distress becomes a criminal issue only where the evidence supports the required dishonest, deceptive or prohibited conduct—not because a debt, default or insolvency exists.

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Separate commercial failure from alleged criminal conduct

White-collar defence for insolvency duties, credit, payment-card, counterfeit-currency, securities and investment-market allegations in Georgia.

Borrowing, payment-card, creditor and insolvency cases should be reconstructed from the information available when each decision was made. Later non-payment does not by itself prove an earlier intention to deceive or conceal.

Test timing, information, authority and asset movement

Map statutory role, authority and actual control

Preserve accounting, creditor and payment records

Distinguish business failure from intentional concealment or deceit

Separate company, director, adviser and third-party interests

Georgian Criminal Code — explained

Credit, payment and insolvency allegations by transaction

Article 180

Fraud

The investigation must distinguish alleged deceptive appropriation from contractual non-performance, commercial risk or a later inability to pay.

Read full guide →Article 182

Misappropriation or embezzlement

Usually requires proof that property or rights were lawfully entrusted or controlled before the alleged appropriation.

Read full guide →Article 211

Misuse of cheques or credit cards

May apply to specified unlawful conduct involving payment instruments; authentication, authorisation and transaction records are central.

Read full guide →Article 213

Breach of securities-market rules

Potential application depends on the regulated act, market records, authority and any statutory consequence or threshold.

Read full guide →Article 212

Manufacture or sale of forged money or securities

Requires reliable authentication of the item and proof of the accused person's role and knowledge.

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Insolvency, credit, payment & securities crime

Fraudulent Borrowing and Financial Information

Fraudulent Borrowing and Financial Information: Article 180 analysis, focusing on mapping statutory role, authority and actual control under Georgian law.

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